On the influence of sand-wind on atmospheric environment

The authors seek, through tests on simulated sand samples in a wind tunnel and analysis of minerals combination and trace elements, to discover the environmental implications of flying-up, falling-down and concentration variation as a function of natural wind speed and direction, distance of movement, range and extent of influence on the atmospheric environment, of micro-granular components on the ground surface in the Keerqin desert area in northwest Liaoning Province of China.     

Effect of catalyzed diesel particulate filter and its catalyst loading on emission characteristics of a non-road diesel engine

In this study, the effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) coupled with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) with different catalyst loadings on the power, fuel consumption, gaseous and particulate emissions from a non-road diesel engine were investigated. Results showed that the after-treatment had a negligible effect on the power and fuel consumption. The reduction effect of the DOC on the CO and hydrocarbon (HC) increased with the engine load. Further reductions occurred coupling with the CDPF. Increasing the catalyst loading resulted in a more significant reduction in the HC emissions than CO emissions. The DOC could increase the NO₂ proportion to 37.9%, and more NO₂ was produced when coupled with the CDPF below 250°C; above 250°C, more NO₂ was consumed. The after-treatment could reduce more than 99% of the particle number (PN) and 98% of the particle mass (PM). Further reductions in the PN and PM occurred with a higher CDPF catalyst loading. The DOC had a better reduction effect on the nucleation particles than the accumulation ones, but the trend reversed with the CDPF. The DOC shifted the particle size distribution (PSD) to larger particles with an accumulation particle proportion increasing from 13% to 20%, and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased from 18.2 to 26.0 nm. The trend reversed with the CDPF and the accumulation particle proportion declined to less than 10%. A lower catalyst loading on the CDPF led to a higher proportion of nucleation particles and a smaller GMD.     

TA15钛合金与铝合金和结构钢接触腐蚀大气暴露试验研究

讨论了TA15钛合金与铝合金和结构钢接触后,在海南万宁大气试验站大气暴露的试验结果。3年的大气暴露试验显示,在海洋性大气环境下,2B06铝合金、16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢无论与TA15钛合金接触与否,腐蚀都很严重,力学性能明显下降;对2B06铝合金进行阳极氧化,对16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢进行氯化铵镀镉,可在一定程度上减缓腐蚀,但经过一定时间大气暴露,无论与TA15钛合金接触与否,都产生了严重腐蚀,力学性能明显下降;对2B06铝合金进行阳极氧化,对16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢进行氯化铵镀镉,再喷涂1号航空底漆进行防护,可有效防止接触腐蚀。     

利用风场资料研究中距离大气扩散规律

本文提出了一个利用气象观测网取得的测风资料研究中距离大气扩散规律的方法。根据常规的风场观测资料和高空风观测资料,用插值公式计算地面和200m高度的水平轨迹以及水平风纵向分量和横向分量的脉动时间序列,进而用相继两条轨迹的横向距离和风脉动滑动平均法求得各类稳定度下的大气扩散参数。计算结果与同时进行的SF_6示踪实验结果和不同时进行的平衡球双经纬仪定位结果基本符合。     

Random walk modeling of wake dispersion for the exhaust tower of an underground tunnel in urban area

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基于GIS的城市大气TSP污染空间分析

利用GIS的空间分析功能 ,对焦作城区大气TSP的污染状况及污染源的内在关系进行了深入的分析 ,通过建立TSP污染类型划分标准和污染动态变化分类系统 ,对城区TSP污染进行了分区评价 ,并进一步对城区大气TSP污染的空间动态转化规律和趋势进行了研究     

装甲钢自然环境试验与人工加速试验的相关性

对某型装甲钢在酸雨大气环境下自然暴露与人工模拟加速试验的相关性进行了研究。利用腐蚀机理对比、Spearman秩相关系数、灰色关联度、加速转换因子等方法进行了相关性的定性定量评价。评价结果表明模拟加速试验与自然环境暴露试验有较好相关性。     

SO2在碳钢初期大气腐蚀中的作用

通过自建的模拟大气腐蚀系统,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和x-射线光电子能谱(XPS),研究了SO2对碳钢初期大气腐蚀行为的影响,并进一步用原子力显微镜从更微观的角度观察了在SO2环境中初期阶段腐蚀形貌变化.研究结果表明:在SO2污染大气环境中,随SO2浓度的升高碳钢腐蚀加快.在体积分数为5×10(-6)SO2的大气环境中,碳钢和耐候钢表面腐蚀主要以条状物生长,随着SO2浓度的升高,腐蚀产物的形貌发生改变,在体积分数为5×10(-5)SO2的大气环境中,条状锈和胞状锈同时生长.在锈层中S元素以FeSO4·4H2O的形式存在,腐蚀产物中还有γ-FeOOH.SO2在初期阶段加速了碳钢的腐蚀,降低了碳钢的耐蚀性.     

思茅大气环境与气象条件的关系

对思茅地区大气环境监测数据进行统计、分析,与当地天气气候条件进行对比,探究思茅地区大气污染状况与气象条件之间的关系.     

2A12铝合金在模拟溶液中的周浸腐蚀行为

采用干湿周浸实验、失重法和电化学阻抗谱研究了2A12铝合金在0.6mol/L NaCl和0.6mol/L NaCl 0.02mol/L NaHSO3两种溶液中的腐蚀行为与规律, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDX)和红外光谱(FTIR) 观察分析腐蚀产物表面形貌、结构和组成,测试了材料的力学性能.研究表明,随腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀产物不断增多,失重增加,力学性能下降,阻抗模值逐渐减小;腐蚀产物形貌以团状和块状为主,在0.6mol/L NaCl溶液中腐蚀产物主要为铝的氯化物和氧化铝,在0.6mol/L NaCl 0.02mol/L NaHSO3溶液中腐蚀产物主要为氧化铝、铝的硫酸盐水合物和铝的氯化物;由于NaCl和NaHSO3共同作用,2A12合金在0.6mol/L NaCl 0.02mol/L NaHSO3溶液中腐蚀电流密度高,阻抗模值相对较小,腐蚀速率较高,腐蚀后失重大,力学性能下降幅度较大,腐蚀更严重.